What is meant by apportionment in land surveying?

Apportionment in land surveying refers specifically to the proration of excess or deficiency in simultaneously created parcels. This concept comes into play when multiple parcels of land are subdivided or created from a larger piece of land. When this division occurs, especially in situations where the land is subject to calculations for equitable distribution of resources, boundaries, or features, it's essential to ensure that each newly created parcel reflects a fair distribution of any additional land or deficiency that may have arisen during the survey process.

For example, if a larger tract of land is subdivided, and due to natural features or existing claims, there is a need to adjust the boundaries of the new parcels to equally share the available land; apportionment ensures this is done equitably. It directly affects how property boundaries are drawn and how land ownership is characterized.

The other options, while related to land surveying concepts, do not accurately capture the specific meaning of apportionment in this context. The division of ownership among different parties pertains more to property law or rights, calculation of land taxes focuses on financial assessment mechanisms, and allocation of survey costs among landowners involves the financial responsibilities rather than the equitable division of physical land attributes.