What type of written description details a tract by describing its adjoiners?

The type of written description that details a tract by describing its adjoiners is known as "bounds." This method of legal description relies on the physical features and boundaries defined by adjoining properties. When describing a parcel of land, a bounds description will specify the neighboring properties, often referring to physical markers, landmarks, or adjacent landowners, creating a clear picture of the boundaries in relation to those surrounding it.

This description is commonly used in real estate and land surveying because it provides clarity about the location and extent of a property. By using geographical points, such as trees, fences, or corner markers, the bounds method helps to establish the dimensions and the precise location of the land in question.

The other terms mentioned, such as cloud title, deficiency, and encroachment, refer to different land-related issues. Cloud title addresses complications related to ownership claims, deficiency relates to a shortfall or inadequacy, often in legal contexts, and encroachment refers to a situation where a structure or property extends into another's property. None of these terms describes a property in relation to its adjoiners in the way that bounds does.