Which of the following is an example of a claim that could potentially impair a land title?

A cloud on title represents a claim, lien, or encumbrance that may impair the owner's ability to transfer or sell their property. This can include issues such as an unresolved mortgage, judgments against the property, or disputes over ownership. These complications can create uncertainty regarding the true ownership and may hinder property transactions until resolved.

In this context, "cloud on title" directly relates to the impairment of a land title because it introduces potential legal challenges and complications that can affect ownership rights. Resolving these clouds is often a crucial step in ensuring that a title is clear and marketable.

The other terms listed, while relevant to land and property matters, do not indicate a claim that could impair a title in the same way. A conveyance refers to the act of transferring property ownership, bounds refers to the boundaries of a property, and excess usually pertains to property beyond a defined limit or requirement, but none of these imply an impairment or claim affecting the title itself.